Race, Ethnicity and Mortgage Lending in the FHLBSF Cooperative
Brief
José Loya | Stella Koh
January 2026
Access to mortgage credit is the foundation of homeownership, economic mobility, and intergenerational wealth accumulation in the United States. Yet racial and ethnic disparities in mortgage lending outcomes remain persistent, limiting opportunities for non-white households even decades after fair lending laws.
This brief examines how these disparities vary across institutional lender types, with a focus on banks and credit unions affiliated with the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (FHLBSF). What ethnic and racial differences exist between FHLBSF bank and credit union members and other mortgage lenders in the Southwest?
